Wastewater treatment is a critical process that ensures that the water we use in our daily lives are clean and safe for us and the environment. It begins with the removal of physical debris and other large solids, followed by several stages of treatment processes. The three stages of wastewater treatment are primary, secondary, tertiary wastewater treatment.
As community officials, it is important to understand these processes and how they work to ensure your community's wastewater treatment system operates optimally. This article will cover the primary, secondary, tertiary wastewater treatment stages, processes, and what to expect during each stage of treatment.
Primary Wastewater Treatment:
The primary treatment is the first stage of wastewater treatment. This stage focuses on the filtration of larger debris, such as cloth, paper, wood, plastics, and other objects that find their way into the sewer system.
During primary wastewater treatment, the wastewater flows into a large settling tank where the solid waste material that is heavier than water sinks to the bottom, and oil and grease float to the top. The settled solids are then removed from the bottom, and the oils and grease are skimmed from the surface.
Secondary Wastewater Treatment:
After primary wastewater treatment, wastewater flows into a biological reaction tank where secondary wastewater treatment takes place. During this process, microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa are added to the wastewater to remove organic matter, such as human waste, food, and other biodegradable products.
The microorganisms break down these pollutants and convert them into carbon dioxide, water, and other elements. After the organisms have removed the organic matter, the wastewater goes through another settling tank, where the microorganisms settle to the bottom, allowing the clean water to flow to the final stage of treatment.
Tertiary Wastewater Treatment:
The last stage of wastewater treatment is the tertiary wastewater treatment, and it is considered the final stage before the water is released back into the environment. During this stage, the clean water undergoes filtration, adsorption, and disinfection processes.
Filtration removes any remaining solid particles, and adsorption removes any trace chemicals that may remain in the water. Then the water is disinfected using ultraviolet light, chlorine gas, or ozone to eliminate any leftover bacteria and pathogens to make it safe for the environment.
Wastewater treatment is critical to protect public health and the environment, especially the primary, secondary, tertiary wastewater treatment. As community officials, it is essential to understand the different stages of wastewater treatment, what to expect, and how to maintain the system to operate at optimum levels. The process of primary, secondary, and tertiary wastewater treatment can be complex and nuanced.
By using this comprehensive guide as a reference point, community officials can facilitate a more efficient and effective wastewater treatment process. Always ensure that you work with knowledgeable wastewater professionals, who can provide a thorough assessment of your system and develop strategies to maintain it effectively.